More than 160 elephants die in Zimbabwe, with many more at risk
More than 160 elephants die in Zimbabwe, with many more at risk
Tawanda Karombo, The Guardian
January 17, 2024
See link
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/17/more-than-160-elephants-die-in-zimbabwe-with-many-more-at-risk-aoe
for photos.
At least 160 elephants have died as drought conditions hit Zimbabwe, and
with hot, dry weather likely to continue, conservationists fear there could
be more deaths to come.
The elephants died between August and December last year in the 14,651 sq
km Hwange national park, which is home to endangered elephants, buffalo,
lions, cheetahs, giraffes and other species. At least six other elephants
have recently been discovered dead outside the park in suspected poaching
incidents.
The Zimbabwe Parks & Wildlife Management Authority (Zimparks) confirmed the
deaths of the elephants in the park, and attributed them to drought.
Tinashe Farawo, a spokesperson for Zimparks, said on Tuesday: “We have been
doing tests, and preliminary results show that they were dying due to
starvation. Most of the animals were dying between 50m and 100m from water
sources.”
The elephants that died were mostly young, old or sick, the park said.
Persistent dry weather, droughts and prolonged dry periods are intensifying
across southern Africa. In 2023, there was no rainfall between February and
November in the Hwange park, said Trevor Lane, the co-founder and head of
the Bhejane Trust conservation group inside Hwange.
“There was low nutrition, very high temperatures and a shortage of water;
this contributed to massive stress, and it might happen again in 2024,”
Lane said.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration forecast a strong El
Niño weather phenomenon between October and this March, resulting in hot,
dry weather and little rainfall. The UN Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs said in its November update that this was likely to
result in the “delayed onset of rainfall and prolonged dry spells”, and
could lead to drought conditions in Zimbabwe.
By the close of 2023, it said, “the greater part of Zimbabwe had received
less than 50% of the seasonal accumulated rainfall when compared to the
long-term average”.
Conservation groups in Hwange are now rushing to drill more boreholes in a
bid to spread the elephants out into areas where food is more readily
available. They are also installing solar-powered systems on existing
boreholes to extend pumping hours to meet the expected pressure in the hot
season from August.
“We are aware that we might have an El Niño and a big drought in 2024,”
Lane said. “We will see what we can do to mitigate that, but it will just
be survival of the fittest … if there’s another drought we’ll have to go
through the same thing again.”
Droughts have caused mass die-offs of elephants in Zimbabwe before – in
2019, more than 200 died over two months due to a lack of water.
Veterinarians and conservationists involved in Hwange said that elephants
initially died in a cluster around one of the most used water points in the
park. Later on, the deaths became widespread and were not appearing in
clusters, they said.
Another conservationist said that, during one count in September, more than
1,800 elephants were trying to drink from a single water source.
“It was horrible to see orphaned calves waiting aimlessly for death, and
it’s horrible to drive around seeing and smelling dead elephants,” said the
conservationist, who declined to be named because they did not have
permission from Zimparks to comment on the deaths.
They added: “What we need to panic about is the possibility that climate
change will make this year’s losses of animals due to dry weather look
normal.”
The carcass of one of the 350 elephants that were found dead in the
Okavango delta in northern Botswana between May and June 2020.
As drought conditions worsen, a resurgence in poaching is also threatening
Zimbabwean elephants and other wildlife. Six new deaths of elephants were
recorded in January in Gwayi, an area just outside the Hwange park, and
have been attributed to poaching by conservation and environmental law
groups.
Zimparks confirmed these deaths, and said veterinarians were still
investigating their cause. Environmental groups say the tusks had been
removed from the elephants, indicating ivory poaching.
The Zimbabwe Environmental Law Association said in a statement that “the
poaching incident in Gwayi unfolds against a backdrop of escalating illegal
wildlife trade and wildlife crimes”.
Lane said there has been a “general increase in bushmeat poaching, which
from our own experience and [that of] other organisations can be attributed
to the economic situation” in Zimbabwe. “People are getting desperate and
resorting to the poaching of wildlife,” he said.
In December, with the lean season approaching, USAid’s Famine Early Warning
Systems Network said that “most poor households’ own-produced food stocks
have depleted”, and most of the country’s food security was at either
“stressed” or at “crisis” levels.
Nick Long, who undertakes anti-poaching patrols and programmes in Hwange,
also confirmed “a surge in bushmeat poaching countrywide”, especially from
November into December. “It [bushmeat poaching] was very noticeable in the
Victoria Falls area. Our sister organisation, Victoria Falls Anti-Poaching
Unit, has had a busy December chasing poachers around,” he said.
Zimparks said that it was “on top of the situation when it comes to
poaching” of elephants in Zimbabwe. “We have not been losing many animals.
In Hwange, we haven’t recorded any poached elephant in the past two years.
We need to continue doing law enforcement and patrolling,” said Farawo.